Cultural Diversity in Malaysia

Malaysia is a country whose population consists of diverse cultures. The main ethnic groups in the country are Malay, Chinese and Indian communities as well as in Sabah and Sarawak as Dusun, Murut, Bajau, Kadazan, Iban, Dayak and others. Every race in Malaysia have their own culture which has been practiced since ancient times until now. Adopted and inherited culture whether in the arts, languages, customs, music, religion, faith or law has its own unique character of each community. All forms of cultural and all other religions are always respected. Therefore, efforts should be made by all parties to cultural traditions in all races not disappear from public life now as a result of the modernization. 

There are a variety of ways or effort that can be done by all parties to maintain their owns culture. The individual plays a very important role in maintaining a culture, because without action from individuals, various efforts will be unsuccessful. An individual in every people should have a high desire to continue the culture in their own race so that culture can be maintained, for example, young people in the Malays should open their eyes to learn about Malay dance like dance contests, "Ulik Mayang" dance, "Joget" dance, "Dikir", and others. Apart in terms of the arts, customs were not forgotten as the Malay community there are customs that are still practiced prior to the marriage customs, engagement and married. However, there are specifying the Malay community has been neglected due to modernization. Therefore, every individual should do their part to maintain every culture in their communities. 

Apart from the individual itself, the school also plays an important role in cultural activities in all the races in Malaysia. The school can create associations or clubs related to culture in a community. Schools play a relatively important role for being a second home to the children and adolescents after their home and much time will be spent by these groups in the school. Therefore, with the association or club related to arts and cultural activities for every race, will surely encourage students, especially when they are young is to continue to engage and inherit a cultural activity. The school may create a club like Malay club dance, Chinese dance, India dance and others. All should be about the culture of every community in Malaysia. In addition, this condition can also encourage students to learn about the culture of different ethnic groups and races themselves. Therefore, the school should play a proper role in order to makes the habit of Malaysian culture in students appears since they were young again.

Useful Tips for Cultural Business Etiquette

The Beauty of Cultural Diversity

Passion to discover new cultures and interaction between cultures

Useful Tips for Cultural Business Etiquette

 

When you start to do business with different countries, you can easily notice that some countries have unique business etiquette. Typical example that I remember immediately is formal and highly ceremonious exchange of business cards in Japanese culture. When receiving a card, a Japanese person takes it with both hands, reads it over carefully with keeping eye contact with you.

 The business card exchange is a way of expressing the importance one places on an encounter. There are many different examples like this in cultural behaviours in doing business internationally.

 Globalization may decrease differences in business etiquette of cultures, but it may not eliminate totally. I believe lack of familiarity with a country's cultural business etiquette remains an important issue. 

Multiculturalism 

• relates to communities containing multiple cultures. The term is used in two broad ways, either descriptively or normatively. As a descriptive term, it usually refers to the simple fact of cultural diversity: it is generally applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, sometimes at the organizational level, e.g., schools, businesses, cities, or nations.

As a normative term, it refers to ideologies or policies that promote this diversity or its institutionalization; in this sense, multiculturalism is a society “at ease with the rich tapestry of human life and the desire amongst people to express their own identity in the manner they see fit.” Such ideologies or policies vary widely, including country to country, ranging from the advocacy of equal respect to the various cultures in a society, to a policy of promoting the maintenance of cultural diversity, to policies in which people of various ethnic and religious groups are addressed by the authorities as defined by the group they belong to. However, two main different and seemingly inconsistent strategies have developed through different government policies and strategies:The first focuses on interaction and communication between different cultures. Interactions of cultures provide opportunities for the cultural differences to communicate and interact to create multiculturalism. This approach is also often known as interculturalism. The second centres on diversity and cultural uniqueness. Cultural isolation can protect the uniqueness of the local culture of a nation or area and also contribute to global cultural diversity. A common aspect of many policies following the second approach is that they avoid presenting any specific ethnic, religious, or cultural community values as central.

HOW DO YOU LEARN ABOUT PEOPLE'S CULTURES?

START BY BECOMING AWARE OF YOUR OWN CULTURE.

It may seem odd that in order to learn about people in other cultures, we start by becoming more aware of our own culture. But we believe this is true. Why?

If you haven't had a chance to understand how your culture has affected you first hand, it's more difficult to understand how it could affect anyone else or why it might be important to them. If you are comfortable talking about your own culture, then you will become better at listening to others talk about theirs. Or, if you understand how discrimination has affected you, then you may be more aware of how it has affected others.

Here are some tips on how to becoming more aware of your own culture:

WHAT IS YOUR CULTURE?

Do you have a culture? Do you have more than one? What is your cultural background?

Even if you don't know who your ancestors are, you have a culture. Even if you are a mix of many cultures, you have one. Culture evolves and changes all the time. It came from your ancestors from many generations ago, and it comes from your family and community today.

For example, if you are Irish American, your culture has probably influenced your life. You parents or grandparents almost certainly handed down values, customs, humor, and world views that played a role in shaping your growing-up environment and your life today. Perhaps your views towards family, work, health and disease, celebrations, and social issues are influenced by your Irish heritage or by the experiences your family had when they immigrated to the U.S.

In addition to the cultural groups we belong to, we also each have groups we identify with, such as being a parent, an athlete, an immigrant, a small business owner, or a wage worker. These kinds of groups, although not exactly the same as a culture, have similarities to cultural groups. For example, being a parent or and an immigrant may be an identity that influences how you view the world and how the world views you. Becoming aware of your different identities can help you understand what it might be like to belong to a cultural group.

Cultural Differences (Namibia and Malaysia)

Culture itself comprises of how certain people live, their religious and belief, dressing codes and food habits.  I am going to give some points of how Namibian culture is differ from Malaysian culture and also try to emphasise a bit on their differences.

Namibia has 8 different ethnical groups, these ethnic group are as follow

Ø  Damaras

Ø   Hereros

Ø   San people

Ø  Vamboes

Ø  Kavangos

Ø  Vamboes

Ø   Tswanas

Ø  Namas.

 Each ethnic has different speaking way depending on the tribe. Most of the people in Namibia are black but you also find whites people. The majority are Owambo speaking and most dominant ethnics in Namibia, just like Malays in Malaysia. In Malaysia there are only have 3 ethnics namely Malays, Chinese and Indian

. In Namibia most of people practise farming and agricultural activities, and this is what makes people’s life easy. In farming we plant and cultivate mahangu and maize. We then harvest when crops ripe. We only cultivate during the rainy season (summer) because Namibia does not receive rainfall all year round. Mahangu and maize meals are staple food mainly in the Northern and Eastern part of the country. We also practise stock farming whereby some people raise cattle, goats and donkeys for domestic purposes. Stock farming is very rare because not everyone can afford to buy such domestic animals.

Marital issues

In Namibia, a man is allowed to married at the age of 25 and the woman should be 20 years old. There are steps that have to be followed before the wedding take place. The steps are investigation, engagement custom, marriage contract and enthronement. When it is time for a young man to get married, a man has to take a responsibility of finding his own bride. The family from both parties (man and woman) has to meet and they have to agree if they want the wedding to go through. In Malaysia it is different because if a man wants to get married, it is his family who will look around to identify a number of potential brides.

 In conclusion, Namibian culture is totally different from Malaysian culture. In Malaysia, many people believe in God and this can be proved by praying every day. The fact that many Namibian are Christian and Malaysian are Islamic play a vital role on the cultures sharpening between the two countries.

Cultural Variation

Between Cultures: The Role of The Environment

If human cultures modify the natural environment, it is also true that the natural environment initially shaped, and still shapes to some extent, the culture of society. 

The Japanese diet consists largely of fish, seafood and vegetables because Japan is an archipelago and the sea provided consistent sources of food and, with one twentieth of the surface of the United States, there is no room for grazing land for raising beef cattle. Similarly, climate, soil, and geography affect cultural aspects.

The Indian cultural worship of cows is a puzzling practice to westerners. Considering the fact that a lot of Indians are food-insecure, it does not make much sense to let these cows roam around the country and treat them with deference. Why not send them to the slaughterhouse and make the meat available to people? This typically ethnocentric reasoning ignores the environmental and social reality of India.

According to Marvin Harris (1974) has demonstrated that the specific treatment of cows in India is in fact an adaptation to natural and social conditions. India is still a largely traditional agricultural country with extremely low mechanization. Cows are sources of male calves that become oxen which can be used to plough fields. Cows are also a major source of manure, a valuable resource since India does not have oil resources and suffers from a shortage of wood. Manure can be used as fertilizer and heating energy. Finally, when cows die, they are given to Untouchables (the lowest caste) who then turn the skin into leather. Untouchables are also then relieved from the prohibition of eating beef, which provides them with a source of proteins.

Should the Indians decide to ignore their prohibitions and engage in mass slaughter, they might be better off in the short term, but the long-term consequences would probably be devastating. Indeed, because the main crops are rice and wheat, based on the soil and rain patterns, mechanization of Indian agriculture is not an option. Oxen remain the most effective tool for providing power for most farmers. Considering the environmental conditions in India, it is certainly rational to maintain the practice of preserving cows.

Mixed race, different people from different cultures...

Way to go, Cultural Diversity

It includes the various different social structures, belief systems, and strategies the cultures use for adapting to life situations in various parts of the world.
The differences in race, language, ethnicity, values systems, religion, and local cultures that make up various groups in a community also account for the diversity. Different cultures believe in a different way of doing things, for example; in Malaysia most people believe so much in religious perspectives and their lifestyle is based on the religious values. Where by in Africa most people are more in their historical and cultural beliefs...

Feel welcome to drop you views in regard to cultural diversity, we are living in a world with mixed races, culture and of course people of different religions, maybe it African, Asian, American or European cultures. Its time we share views...

Images, cultural diversity, religion...

Asian Cultural Diversity

Managing Asian Cultural Diversity: Cross-cultural Issues in Asia

Managing Asian cultural diversity can be very complex for Western companies. Each country has its own culture, history, ideology, language and philosophy: a strategy in Taiwan may not work in China, and vice versa. Understanding the local mentality, beliefs, and even linguistic traits can make a world of difference in managing Asian employees effectively.

The following topics are covered in this webcast:

Diversity of Asian Cultures
-Countries and Regions
-Ethnicity
-Religion
-Language
-Generational Differences

Erroneous Assumptions about Asian Cultures
-Common Stereotypes
-Latest Asia Megatrends
-Changing Asian Cultural Identities
-Women's Status

Comparison of Key Asian Cultural Concepts
-The Greater China
-Japan
-Korea
-Singapore
-Others

Cultural Impact on Asian Management Issues
-Leadership and Management Style
-Work Ethics and Integrity
-Innovation and Creativity

Culture via Africa...

African Culture, Overview

Africa is divided into a great number of ethnic cultures. The continent's cultural regeneration has also been an integral aspect of post-independence nation-building on the continent, with a recognition of the need to harness the cultural resources of Africa to enrich the process of education, requiring the creation of an enabling environment in a number of ways. In recent times, the call for a much greater emphasis on the cultural dimension in all aspects of development has become increasingly vocal. During colonialism in Africa, Europeans possessed attitudes of superiority and a sense of mission. The French were able to accept an African as French if that person gave up their African culture and adopted French ways. Knowledge of the Portuguese language and culture and abandonment of traditional African ways defined one as civilized. Kenyan social commentator Mwiti Mugambi pragmatically argues that the future of Africa can only be forged from accepting and mending the sociocultural present. For Mugambi, colonial cultural hangovers, pervasive Western cultural inundation, and aid-giving arm-twisting donors are, he argues, here to stay and no amount of looking into Africa's past will make them go away. However, Maulana Karenga states:

Our culture provides us with an ethos we must honor in both thought and practice. By ethos, we mean a people's self-understanding as well as its self-presentation in the world through its thought and practice in the other six areas of culture. It is above all a cultural challenge. For culture is here defined as the totality of thought and practice by which a people creates itself, celebrates, sustains and develops itself and introduces itself to history and humanity

— Maulana Karenga , African Culture and the Ongoing Quest for Excellence

African arts and crafts

Main article: African art

Africa has a rich tradition of arts and crafts. African arts and crafts find expression in a variety of woodcarvings,brass and leather art works. African arts and crafts also include sculpture, paintings, pottery, ceremonial and religious headgear and dress. Maulana Karenga states that in African art, the object was not as important as the soul force behind the creation of the object. He also states that All art must be revolutionary and in being revolutionary it must be collective, committing, and functional "in Africa all art is socially functional."

African culture has always placed emphasis on personal appearance and jewelry has remained an important personal accessory. Many pieces of such jewellery are made of cowry shells and similar materials. Similarly,masks are made with elaborate designs and are important part of African culture. Masks are used in various ceremonies depicting ancestors and spirits, mythological characters and deities.

In most of traditional art and craft of Africa, certain themes significant to African culture recur, including a couple, a woman with a child, a male with a weapon or animal, and an outsider or a stranger. Couples may represent ancestors, community founder, married couple or twins. The couple theme rarely exhibit intimacy of men and women. The mother with the child or children reveals intense desire of the African women to have children. The theme is also representative of mother mars and the people as her children. The man with the weapon or animal theme symbolizes honor and power. A stranger may be from some other tribe or someone from a different country, and more distorted portrayal of the stranger indicates proportionately greater gap from the stranger.

Folklore and religion

 African traditional religions and Religion in Africa

Like all human cultures, African folklore and religion represents a variety of social facets of the various cultures in Africa. Like almost all civilizations and cultures, flood myths have been circulating in different parts of Africa. Culture and religion share space and are deeply intertwined in African cultures. In Ethiopia, Christianity and Islam form the core aspects of Ethiopian culture and inform dietary customs as well as rituals and rites.^] According to a Pygmy myth, Chameleon, hearing a strange noise in a tree, cut open its trunk and water came out in a great flood that spread all over the land.

Cultural diversity refers to the variety of the makeup or the multiculturalism of a group or organization or region. It is also called multiculturalism.
It includes the various different social structures, belief systems, and strategies the cultures use for adapting to life situations in various parts of the world.
The differences in race, language, ethnicity, values systems, religion, and local cultures that make up various groups in a community also account for the diversity...